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专家访谈

Khaled Mahmood Discusses the Benefits of Converting Landfill Gas-Powered Engine Plants to Renewable Natural Gas Facilities

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Khaled Mahmood is a registered professional engineer with more than 25 years of experience conducting and managing solid waste and air pollution control permitting and planning engineering projects.

He has extensive expertise with air pollution control and environmental engineering for solid waste and landfill gas-to-energy (LFGTE) facilities. He has conducted air pollution control audits and air emission surveys for industrial and solid waste facilities, including developing compliance strategies to address the impact of regulations on facility operations.

Khaled also has experience performing emissions estimating using U.S. 环境al Protection Agency (EPA) and industry-specific emission factors; regulatory interpretation; New Source Review and Title V permit development; Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) evaluation; and Best Available Control Technology (BACT), 空气污染控制设备, 生命周期分析.

Khaled holds a Master of Business Administration from Capital University, a Master of Science in environmental engineering from Marshall University, as well as a Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from the University of Minnesota.

问题:

Why are clients converting existing landfill gas (LFG)-powered engines to facilities that produce renewable natural gas (RNG)?

Converting an existing LFG-powered engine and turbine plant into an RNG plant helps the environment by significantly reducing emissions, 包括温室气体. Facility operators producing electricity from LFG are competing with others generating electricity with natural gas, 通常成本更低. 如果他们转向生成RNG, tax credits from Renewable Identification Numbers (RIN) can provide additional value and make generating RNG more valuable. 也, this type of change reduces the company’s overall carbon footprint and helps achieve environmental sustainability goals.

问题:

Can you expand on the benefits of transitioning from electricity production to RNG production?

I see four key benefits to this transition, with the first being the clear environmental benefits from reduced emissions. There will typically be a large reduction in emissions—usually below Title V permitting thresholds—but without limiting production capacity. The LFG treatment system used during RNG processing reduces both the raw LFG’s volatile organic compounds (挥发性有机化合物) and the hydrogen sulfide (H2S)内容. Ceasing operation of an LFG-powered engine and turbine plant also reduces methane (CH4)、氮氧化物(NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions—hence a boost for GHG CO2E减排努力.

A second benefit is increased revenue, as profit increases because RNG has a higher value than electricity. Simply put, pipeline quality RNG offers higher revenue potential than electricity generation. An RNG plant also enhances tradeable RINs credit potential for the facility. 除了, 可再生天然气可以用作汽车燃料, reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) electricity generation, 热, 以及其他应用.

The third benefit is associated with substantially reduced air permitting requirements when transitioning from electricity production. This can be considerable because permitting is required for each operating engine, and many LFGTE facilities have 20 or more engines. I would estimate that about 75 percent of air permitting requirements will go away when, instead of generating electricity on-site, facilities are simply processing raw LFG to remove impurities and putting it into a pipeline.

The final benefit is reduced routine air quality compliance efforts compared to typical LFGTE facilities. There will be a large reduction in monitoring, 测试, 保留记录, and reporting because facilities may no longer be subject to Title V permit requirements and will not be required to comply with the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for RICE.

问题:

Can you give us an example of how switching to RNG production has been beneficial?

One interesting example is a project in Michigan where operators found that changing to RNG production greatly reduced pollutants emitted compared to the existing LFGTE facility. This table compares typical yearly pollutant emissions between electricity production and RNG production. For example, the typical yearly emissions of NOx LFGTE的全球最大体育平台数从121全球最大体育平台减少了.每年8吨(TPY)到6吨.4 TPY生产RNG时, a dramatic change that illustrates why so many of our clients are opting to make the switch.

污染物 典型的年排放量(TPY) 典型RNG排放量(TPY) 净变化(TPY)
NOx 121.8 6.4 -115.4
CO 297.0 31.3 -265.7
SO2 67.0 1.7 -65.3
PM10 13.8 1.6 -12.2
挥发性有机化合物 25.6 0.3 -25.4
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